Omega-3’s Anti-Inflammatory Action Protects Brain Cells

BORDEAUX, France—The inflammatory activity of polyunsaturated essential fatty acids (PUFAs) in the brain may impact progression of neurodegenerative diseases, according to a new science review (Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. ePub Mar. 12, 2010; DOI:10.1016/j.plefa.2010.02.006). In the publication from the University Bordeaux, researchers noted the brain’s innate immune system is primarily composed of microglial cells and astrocytes, which protect neurons against damage by producing inflammatory cytokines. This neuroinflammation can alter cognition, mood and behavior. Further, studies have shown proinflammatory cytokines are linked to depression and certain neurodegenerative diseases. Omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs are essential components of neuronal and glial cell membranes, and have the ability to regulate prostaglandin and cytokine production—omega-3s exerting an anti-inflammatory effect and omega-6s precursors of inflammation. Therefore, the researchers suggest, greater levels of omega-6s in the diet could exacerbate neuroinflammation; similarly, higher amounts of omega-3s could downregulate such inflammation and protect against neurodegenerative conditions.